Lecture 11 Notes
Spanish HTML File
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<head>
<title>Spanish Review Handbook</title>
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<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>This handbook covers the major topics in Spanish, but is
by no means complete. </p>
<h3>Accents</h3>
<p>When we pronounce English words, one syllable is usually
emphasized (<b>stressed</b>, in linguistic terms).
The stressed syllable is underlined in the following
words: com<u>pu</u>ter, <u>lan</u>guage, de<u>vel</u>opment,
suc<u>ceeds</u>. Spanish words also have a stressed
syllable, and there are rules for determining which syllable
carries the emphasis.</p>
<ol>
<li>If a syllable has an accent mark, that syllable
always gets the stress: <i>acci<u>ón</u></i> (action),
<i>te<u>lé</u>fono</i>.</li>
<li>If the word ends with a vowel, <strong>n</strong>, or <strong>s</strong>,
the next-to-last syllable gets the stress: <i>a<u>mi</u>go</i>,
<i><u>ha</u>blan</i> (they talk), <i>ani<u>mal</u>es</i>.</li>
<li>All other words are accented on the last syllable:
<i>ho<u>tel</u></i>, <i>simi<u>lar</u></i>,
<i>espa<u>ñol</u></i>.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Parts of Speech</h3>
<p>
Words fall into one of seven classes, known as
parts of speech. We will deal with
only four of them.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>Nouns</dt>
<dd>A person, place, or thing. (<i>Juan</i>, <i>telephone</i>)</dd>
<dt>Verbs</dt>
<dd>An action or state of being. (<i>run</i>, <i>become</i>)</dd>
<dt>Adjectives</dt>
<dd>A word that describes a noun. (<i>red</i>, <i>big</i>)</dd>
<dt>Adverbs</dt>
<dd>A word that tells when, where, or to what
extent a verb performs its action (<i>quickly</i>, <i>directly</i>)
</dd>
</dl>
<h3>Verbs</h3>
<p>
Regular Spanish verbs come in three groups:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Verbs ending in <b>-ar</b>, like cant<b>ar</b> (to sing).</li>
<li>Verbs ending in <b>-er</b>, like com<b>er</b> (to eat).</li>
<li>Verbs ending in <b>-ir</b>, like viv<b>ir</b> (to live).</li>
</ul>
<p>
Here is the pattern for conjugating <b>cantar</b> in the
present tense.
</p>
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th width="200">Singular</th><th width="200">Plural</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>yo canto</td> <td>nosotros cantamos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tú cantas</td><td>vosotros cantáis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>él canta <br /> ella canta </td>
<td>ellos cantan <br /> ellas cantan </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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